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| O'Brien County, Iowa | |
 O'Brien County Courthouse
| |
 Location in the state of Iowa | |
 Iowa's location in the U.S. | |
| Founded | 15 January 1851[1] |
|---|---|
| Named for | William Smith O'Brien |
| Seat | Primghar |
| Largest city | Sheldon |
| Area - Total - Land - Water |
573 sq mi (1,484 km²) 573 sq mi (1,484 km²) 0.2 sq mi (1 km²), 0.03 |
| Population - (2020) - Density |
14,182 |
| Congressional district | 4th |
| Time zone | Central: UTC-6/-5 |
| Website | https://obriencounty.iowa.gov/ |
O'Brien County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 14,182.[2] The county seat is Primghar.[3]
History[]
By the time Iowa attained statehood (28 December 1848), its Territorial Legislature had created 44 counties. On 15 January 1851 the new State Legislature created another 49 counties, defining them by lines of survey. O'Brien was among the 49 units thus created.[1] It consists of four survey townships, each formed by 36 square miles arranged in a 6x6 layout, for a nominal 576 square miles total area. The county was named for William Smith O'Brien, a leader for Irish independence in 1848.[4]
The new county's first settler arrived in 1856; Hannibal H. Waterman brought his wife and a daughter to the southeast portion (present Waterman Township). His homestead formed the nucleus of the county's first community, and a small building was erected there to function as a courthouse.
By 1872 the county comprised several small communities, and residents of those groups felt the county's business should be conducted in a more central location. An election was held, the outcome of which was to create a new county seat at its midpoint. A 40-acre (16.2 hectare) tract at the center of the county was surveyed and platted; its name (Primghar) was created from the initials of eight persons involved with the platting. The previous courthouse building was transported to this new location.[5]
In 1874 a 35-foot square building was erected on the present location at a cost of $2,000, to replace the first structure. It was replaced in 1887 by a larger structure. The County Board of Supervisors authorized its construction, at a cost not to exceed $5,000 (the maximum amount the County was authorized to commit). To keep within this limit, members of the new community agreed to haul the building materials without charge from railroad stops at Sanborn and Paullina. The present courthouse was completed in 1917,[6] and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography[]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 573 square miles (1,480 km2), of which 573 square miles (1,480 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) (0.03%) is water.[7]
Major highways[]
U.S. Highway 18- U.S. Highway 59
- Iowa Highway 10
- Iowa Highway 60
- Iowa Highway 143
Adjacent counties[]
- Osceola County - north
- Clay County - east
- Cherokee County - south
- Sioux County - west
Demographics[]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1860 | 383 | ||
| 1870 | 715 | 86.7% | |
| 1880 | 4,155 | 481.1% | |
| 1890 | 13,060 | 214.3% | |
| 1900 | 16,985 | 30.1% | |
| 1910 | 17,262 | 1.6% | |
| 1920 | 19,051 | 10.4% | |
| 1930 | 18,409 | −3.4% | |
| 1940 | 19,293 | 4.8% | |
| 1950 | 18,970 | −1.7% | |
| 1960 | 18,840 | −0.7% | |
| 1970 | 17,522 | −7.0% | |
| 1980 | 16,972 | −3.1% | |
| 1990 | 15,444 | −9.0% | |
| 2000 | 15,102 | −2.2% | |
| 2010 | 14,398 | −4.7% | |
| US Decennial Census[8] 1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10] 1990-2000[11] 2010-2020[12] | |||
Population of O'Brien County from US census data
2010 Census Age Pyramid for O'Brien County
2020 census[]
The 2020 census recorded a population of 14,182 in the county, with a population density of 24.8184/sq mi (9.5824/km2). 95.42% of the population reported being of one race. There were 6,524 housing units, of which 5,861 were occupied.[2]
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
|---|---|---|
| White (NH) | 12,609 | 89% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 159 | 1.12% |
| Native American (NH) | 39 | 0.3% |
| Asian (NH) | 79 | 0.6% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 11 | 0.07% |
| Other/Mixed (NH) | 300 | 2.12% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 985 | 7% |
2010 census[]
As of the 2010 United States Census,[14] there were 14,398 people, 6,069 households, and 3,927 families in the county. The population density was 25.1239/sq mi (9.7004/km2). There were 6,649 housing units at an average density of 11 per square mile (4/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 96.0% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.1% American Indian, 0.6% Asian, 2.0% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. The county has a 3.8% Hispanic or Latino background.
There were 6,069 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.3% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals living alone, and 33.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.89.
The county population contained 25.7% under the age of 20, 4.6% from 20 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.6 years. For every 100 females there were 95.80 males. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $44,018, and the median income for a family was $58,127. The per capita income for the county was $24,771. About 6.3% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.7% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.[15]
Communities[]
Cities[]
- Archer
- Calumet
- Hartley
- Paullina
- Primghar
- Sanborn
- Sheldon
- Sutherland
Unincorporated communities[]
- Gaza
- Germantown
- Moneta
Townships[]
- Baker Township
- Caledonia Township
- Carroll Township
- Center Township
- Dale Township
- Floyd Township
- Franklin Township
- Grant Township
- Hartley Township
- Highland Township
- Liberty Township
- Lincoln Township
- Omega Township
- Summit Township
- Union Township
- Waterman Township
Population ranking[]
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of O'Brien County.[2]
† county seat
| Rank | City/Town/etc. | Municipal type | Population (2020 Census) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sheldon (partially in Sioux County) | City | 5,251 (5,512 total) |
| 2 | Hartley | City | 1,605 |
| 3 | Sanborn | City | 1,392 |
| 4 | Paullina | City | 982 |
| 5 | † Primghar | City | 896 |
| 6 | Sutherland | City | 629 |
| 7 | Calumet | City | 146 |
| 8 | Archer | City | 117 |
Politics[]
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 5,861 | 77.62% | 1,569 | 20.78% | 121 | 1.60% |
| 2016 | 5,752 | 77.67% | 1,315 | 17.76% | 339 | 4.58% |
| 2012 | 5,266 | 71.73% | 1,969 | 26.82% | 106 | 1.44% |
| 2008 | 4,894 | 66.74% | 2,338 | 31.88% | 101 | 1.38% |
| 2004 | 5,328 | 68.92% | 2,330 | 30.14% | 73 | 0.94% |
| 2000 | 4,674 | 66.35% | 2,170 | 30.81% | 200 | 2.84% |
| 1996 | 3,877 | 57.56% | 2,236 | 33.20% | 622 | 9.24% |
| 1992 | 3,869 | 51.06% | 2,122 | 28.00% | 1,587 | 20.94% |
| 1988 | 4,241 | 59.97% | 2,768 | 39.14% | 63 | 0.89% |
| 1984 | 5,008 | 66.16% | 2,479 | 32.75% | 82 | 1.08% |
| 1980 | 4,937 | 63.61% | 2,210 | 28.48% | 614 | 7.91% |
| 1976 | 4,643 | 61.86% | 2,732 | 36.40% | 131 | 1.75% |
| 1972 | 5,159 | 68.87% | 2,224 | 29.69% | 108 | 1.44% |
| 1968 | 5,594 | 69.34% | 2,146 | 26.60% | 328 | 4.07% |
| 1964 | 4,336 | 50.20% | 4,295 | 49.73% | 6 | 0.07% |
| 1960 | 6,509 | 68.66% | 2,967 | 31.30% | 4 | 0.04% |
| 1956 | 6,138 | 67.32% | 2,970 | 32.57% | 10 | 0.11% |
| 1952 | 7,130 | 76.18% | 2,192 | 23.42% | 38 | 0.41% |
| 1948 | 3,697 | 50.46% | 3,421 | 46.70% | 208 | 2.84% |
| 1944 | 4,033 | 56.01% | 3,138 | 43.58% | 30 | 0.42% |
| 1940 | 4,760 | 53.30% | 4,133 | 46.28% | 38 | 0.43% |
| 1936 | 3,350 | 38.90% | 5,139 | 59.67% | 123 | 1.43% |
| 1932 | 3,213 | 40.94% | 4,503 | 57.38% | 132 | 1.68% |
| 1928 | 4,845 | 66.39% | 2,397 | 32.84% | 56 | 0.77% |
| 1924 | 4,172 | 58.47% | 756 | 10.60% | 2,207 | 30.93% |
| 1920 | 5,137 | 76.51% | 1,468 | 21.86% | 109 | 1.62% |
| 1916 | 2,021 | 52.53% | 1,787 | 46.45% | 39 | 1.01% |
| 1912 | 620 | 16.02% | 1,506 | 38.91% | 1,744 | 45.06% |
| 1908 | 1,912 | 57.69% | 1,326 | 40.01% | 76 | 2.29% |
| 1904 | 2,279 | 68.94% | 885 | 26.77% | 142 | 4.30% |
| 1900 | 2,386 | 61.16% | 1,461 | 37.45% | 54 | 1.38% |
| 1896 | 2,421 | 60.10% | 1,562 | 38.78% | 45 | 1.12% |
| 1892 | 1,666 | 52.94% | 1,373 | 43.63% | 108 | 3.43% |
| 1888 | 1,671 | 60.17% | 1,085 | 39.07% | 21 | 0.76% |
| 1884 | 1,195 | 64.98% | 640 | 34.80% | 4 | 0.22% |
| 1880 | 599 | 66.56% | 199 | 22.11% | 102 | 11.33% |
See also[]
Indian Village Site on the NRHP
- National Register of Historic Places listings in O'Brien County, Iowa
- Indian Village Site in the Witrock Area
References[]
- ^ a b Columbia-Lippincott Gazetteer, (New York:Columbia University Press, 1952), p. 1363
- ^ a b c "2020 Census State Redistricting Data". United states Census Bureau. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/01-Redistricting_File--PL_94-171/Iowa/.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx.
- ^ Chicago and North Western Railway Company (1908). A History of the Origin of the Place Names Connected with the Chicago & North Western and Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railways. p. 162. https://books.google.com/books?id=OspBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA162.
- ^ About O'Brien County (O'Brien County website; accessed 1 June 2020)
- ^ "O'Brien County Courthouse". Iowa Judicial Branch. http://www.iowacourtsonline.org/wfdata/frame1759-1464/pressrel99.asp.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files". US Census Bureau. 12 February 2011. https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html.
- ^ "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu.
- ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ia190090.txt.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000". US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf.
- ^ "State & County QuickFacts". US Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/19/19141.html.
- ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – O'Brien County, Iowa". https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=O%27Brien%20County,%20Iowa&t=Race%20and%20Ethnicity&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2.
- ^ "US Census website". US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov.
- ^ "Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 - State -- County". US Census Bureau/American FactFinder. http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST05&prodType=table.
- ^ Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS.
External links[]
- O'Brien County Portal style website, Government, Business, Tourism and more
- IaGenWeb O'Brien county history, Biographies, and more
- City-Data Comprehensive Statistical Data and more about O'Brien County
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Osceola County |
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| Sioux County | 
|
Clay County | ||
   O'Brien County, Iowa | ||||
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| Cherokee County |
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